The ordering of the electrons in the ground state of multielectron atoms, starts with the lowest energy state (ground state) and moves progressively from there up the energy scale until each of the atom’s electrons has been assigned a unique set of quantum numbers. It is the Pauli exclusion principle that requires the electrons in an atom to occupy different energy levels instead of them all condensing in the ground state. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The chemical properties of the atom are determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number and arrangement of electrons. See also: Atomic Number – Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? Atomic Number and Chemical PropertiesĮvery solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. It is the electrons that are responsible for the chemical bavavior of atoms, and which identify the various chemical elements. In a neutral atom there are as many electrons as protons moving about nucleus. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The atom consist of a small but massive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving electrons. K) 0.8 Thermal Conductivity 129 Specific Heat 0.71 Heat of Fusion - Heat of Vaporization 355.8 Atomic Number of CarbonĬarbon is a chemical element with atomic number 6 which means there are 6 protons and 6 electrons in the atomic structure.Carbon – Properties Element Carbon Atomic Number 6 Symbol C Element Category Non Metal Phase at STP Solid Atomic Mass 12.0107 Density at STP 2.26 Electron Configuration 2s2 2p2 Possible Oxidation States -4 -3 … + 4 Electron Affinity 153.9 Electronegativity 2.55 1st Ionization Energy 11.2603 Year of Discovery unknown Discoverer unknown Thermal properties Melting Point 4099 Boiling Point 4527 Thermal Expansion µm/(m
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